Characterization of Sorbitol-Enhanced Biodegradable Plastics Made from Jackfruit Seed Starch Using a Completely Randomized Design Approach

Abstract

The extensive use of conventional plastics, which resist degradation, has caused serious environmental problems, creating the need for eco-friendly alternatives such as biodegradable plastics. Jackfruit seed starch is a promising material that, when combined with plasticizers like sorbitol, can improve flexibility and mechanical properties. This study examines the quality of biodegradable plastics from jackfruit seed starch with sorbitol using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Independent variables were sorbitol concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) and mixing times (5, 10, 15 minutes). Dependent variables included biodegradability, water resistance, functional groups, elongation, thickness, and surface morphology. Plastics were produced at 80°C, 225 rpm, using 12 g starch and 3 mL ethanol. Biodegradability tests showed 25% sorbitol had the highest weight loss (57.2%) with 14 days of degradation. The highest water resistance (54.98%) occurred at 5% sorbitol. Elongation increased with sorbitol content, reaching 30.47% at 25% sorbitol. FTIR analysis confirmed interactions between sorbitol, starch, and ethanol. Product testing showed low-temperature storage maintained quality longer than room temperature. Results indicate that sorbitol concentration significantly affects mechanical and physical properties of biodegradable plastics, while storage temperature influences durability, providing insights for sustainable plastic development.